{
  "run": "037",
  "source": "Voteview (Lewis, Poole, Rosenthal, Boche, Rudkin, Sonnet), Senate roll calls",
  "span": "1997-01-22 .. 2026-08-05",
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  "defect_at_spare0": 27.3,
  "headline": {
    "n": 6659,
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      1.456,
      1.871
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    "intercept": 27.47
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  "naive_all_votes": {
    "n": 10032,
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    "ci": [
      -0.884,
      -0.78
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    "intercept": 41.67
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  "log_fit": {
    "n": 6659,
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    "r2": 0.0319,
    "p": 7.189966079197215e-49,
    "stderr": 0.007892236193634055,
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      10.144,
      13.238
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    "intercept": 17.77
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  "table": [
    {
      "bin": "0",
      "lo": 0,
      "hi": 0,
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        21.5,
        34.0
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    {
      "bin": "1",
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      "hi": 1,
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      "rate": 29.5,
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        26.1,
        33.1
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    {
      "bin": "2",
      "lo": 2,
      "hi": 2,
      "n": 737,
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      "rate": 31.2,
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        28.0,
        34.6
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    {
      "bin": "3",
      "lo": 3,
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      "rate": 31.9,
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        28.7,
        35.3
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    {
      "bin": "4\u20135",
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      "rate": 33.6,
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        30.8,
        36.6
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    {
      "bin": "6\u20138",
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      "rate": 37.4,
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        34.8,
        40.2
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    {
      "bin": "9\u201312",
      "lo": 9,
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      "defections": 480,
      "rate": 46.8,
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        43.7,
        49.8
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    {
      "bin": "13\u201319",
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      "n": 775,
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      "rate": 57.9,
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        54.4,
        61.4
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    {
      "bin": "20+",
      "lo": 20,
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        48.7,
        60.8
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  "split_won_lost": [
    {
      "bin": "1",
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      "bin": "2",
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    {
      "bin": "3",
      "n_won": 479,
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    {
      "bin": "4\u20135",
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    {
      "bin": "6\u20138",
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      "rate_lost": 53.1
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    {
      "bin": "9\u201312",
      "n_won": 426,
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      "rate_lost": 62.0
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    {
      "bin": "13\u201319",
      "n_won": 297,
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    {
      "bin": "20+",
      "n_won": 100,
      "rate_won": 2.0,
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      "rate_lost": 88.1
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  "prevail_when_she_votes_no": {
    "n": 2613,
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      30.6,
      34.2
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    {
      "vtype": "Nomination",
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        94.7,
        99.4
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    {
      "vtype": "Final passage",
      "n": 103,
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      "ci": [
        64.5,
        81.3
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    },
    {
      "vtype": "Motion to table",
      "n": 298,
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      "rate": 66.4,
      "ci": [
        60.9,
        71.6
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    },
    {
      "vtype": "Cloture",
      "n": 319,
      "k": 150,
      "rate": 47.0,
      "ci": [
        41.6,
        52.5
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    },
    {
      "vtype": "Other procedural",
      "n": 625,
      "k": 147,
      "rate": 23.5,
      "ci": [
        20.4,
        27.0
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    },
    {
      "vtype": "Amendment",
      "n": 1106,
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      "ci": [
        8.9,
        12.5
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  "prevail_anti_gop": {
    "n": 784,
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    "ci": [
      31.1,
      37.7
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  "prevail_anti_by_type": [
    {
      "vtype": "Nomination",
      "n": 27,
      "k": 27,
      "rate": 100.0,
      "ci": [
        87.5,
        100.0
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    },
    {
      "vtype": "Final passage",
      "n": 49,
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      "rate": 89.8,
      "ci": [
        78.2,
        95.6
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    },
    {
      "vtype": "Motion to table",
      "n": 125,
      "k": 84,
      "rate": 67.2,
      "ci": [
        58.6,
        74.8
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    },
    {
      "vtype": "Cloture",
      "n": 63,
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      "rate": 52.4,
      "ci": [
        40.3,
        64.2
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    },
    {
      "vtype": "Other procedural",
      "n": 128,
      "k": 30,
      "rate": 23.4,
      "ci": [
        16.9,
        31.5
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    },
    {
      "vtype": "Amendment",
      "n": 392,
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      "rate": 13.0,
      "ci": [
        10.0,
        16.7
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  ],
  "congress_fit": {
    "n": 15,
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    "stderr": 1.0582060166924019,
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      -4.492,
      0.08
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    "intercept": 150.65
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  "congress_rows": [
    {
      "congress": 105,
      "years": "1997\u20131998",
      "gop_seats": 55,
      "n": 325,
      "defect_rate": 35.7,
      "mean_spare": 8.5
    },
    {
      "congress": 106,
      "years": "1999\u20132000",
      "gop_seats": 55,
      "n": 379,
      "defect_rate": 26.1,
      "mean_spare": 6.6
    },
    {
      "congress": 107,
      "years": "2001\u20132002",
      "gop_seats": 50,
      "n": 321,
      "defect_rate": 36.4,
      "mean_spare": 7.8
    },
    {
      "congress": 108,
      "years": "2003\u20132004",
      "gop_seats": 51,
      "n": 419,
      "defect_rate": 22.0,
      "mean_spare": 6.3
    },
    {
      "congress": 109,
      "years": "2005\u20132006",
      "gop_seats": 55,
      "n": 389,
      "defect_rate": 38.0,
      "mean_spare": 7.8
    },
    {
      "congress": 110,
      "years": "2007\u20132008",
      "gop_seats": 49,
      "n": 376,
      "defect_rate": 51.1,
      "mean_spare": 8.4
    },
    {
      "congress": 111,
      "years": "2009\u20132010",
      "gop_seats": 42,
      "n": 521,
      "defect_rate": 42.4,
      "mean_spare": 9.9
    },
    {
      "congress": 112,
      "years": "2011\u20132012",
      "gop_seats": 47,
      "n": 269,
      "defect_rate": 57.2,
      "mean_spare": 8.9
    },
    {
      "congress": 113,
      "years": "2013\u20132014",
      "gop_seats": 46,
      "n": 446,
      "defect_rate": 56.7,
      "mean_spare": 8.0
    },
    {
      "congress": 114,
      "years": "2015\u20132016",
      "gop_seats": 54,
      "n": 310,
      "defect_rate": 38.7,
      "mean_spare": 7.4
    },
    {
      "congress": 115,
      "years": "2017\u20132018",
      "gop_seats": 52,
      "n": 360,
      "defect_rate": 14.7,
      "mean_spare": 5.1
    },
    {
      "congress": 116,
      "years": "2019\u20132020",
      "gop_seats": 53,
      "n": 419,
      "defect_rate": 19.6,
      "mean_spare": 6.6
    },
    {
      "congress": 117,
      "years": "2021\u20132022",
      "gop_seats": 51,
      "n": 768,
      "defect_rate": 64.6,
      "mean_spare": 6.1
    },
    {
      "congress": 118,
      "years": "2023\u20132024",
      "gop_seats": 49,
      "n": 538,
      "defect_rate": 59.1,
      "mean_spare": 5.7
    },
    {
      "congress": 119,
      "years": "2025\u20132026",
      "gop_seats": 53,
      "n": 819,
      "defect_rate": 16.4,
      "mean_spare": 4.5
    }
  ],
  "receipts": [
    {
      "date": "1998-06-15",
      "congress": 105,
      "roll": 457,
      "bill": "S1415",
      "vtype": "Motion to table",
      "tally": "47\u201347",
      "collins": "N",
      "gop": "Y",
      "result": "Motion to Table Failed",
      "desc": "To disallow tax deductions for advertising, promotional, and marketing expenses relating to tobacco product use unless certain requirements are met."
    },
    {
      "date": "2000-04-07",
      "congress": 106,
      "roll": 451,
      "bill": "SCONRES101",
      "vtype": "Motion to table",
      "tally": "49\u201349",
      "collins": "N",
      "gop": "Y",
      "result": "Motion to Table Failed",
      "desc": "To expand medicaid and S. CHIP coverage to low income families."
    },
    {
      "date": "2004-09-08",
      "congress": 108,
      "roll": 627,
      "bill": "HR4567",
      "vtype": "Amendment",
      "tally": "49\u201347",
      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Amendment Agreed to",
      "desc": "To prohibit funds from being used to process or approve a competition under Office of Management and Budget Circular A-76 for services provided as of "
    },
    {
      "date": "2005-03-17",
      "congress": 109,
      "roll": 57,
      "bill": "SCONRES18",
      "vtype": "Amendment",
      "tally": "49\u201351",
      "collins": "N",
      "gop": "Y",
      "result": "Amendment Rejected",
      "desc": "To express the sense of the Senate regarding Medicaid reconciliation legislation consistent with recommendations from the Secretary of Health and Huma"
    },
    {
      "date": "2005-03-17",
      "congress": 109,
      "roll": 68,
      "bill": "SCONRES18",
      "vtype": "Amendment",
      "tally": "51\u201349",
      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Amendment Agreed to",
      "desc": "Relative to education funding."
    },
    {
      "date": "2006-03-16",
      "congress": 109,
      "roll": 423,
      "bill": "SCONRES83",
      "vtype": "Amendment",
      "tally": "51\u201349",
      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Amendment Agreed to",
      "desc": "To increase funding for the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program by $3,318,000,000 for fiscal year 2007, increasing the funds available to carry "
    },
    {
      "date": "2006-07-19",
      "congress": 109,
      "roll": 575,
      "bill": "S728",
      "vtype": "Amendment",
      "tally": "49\u201351",
      "collins": "N",
      "gop": "Y",
      "result": "Amendment Rejected",
      "desc": "To modify a section relating to independent reviews."
    },
    {
      "date": "2007-06-06",
      "congress": 110,
      "roll": 199,
      "bill": "S1348",
      "vtype": "Amendment",
      "tally": "48\u201349",
      "collins": "N",
      "gop": "Y",
      "result": "Amendment Rejected",
      "desc": "To require that the U.S. VISIT system- the biometric border check-in/check-out system first required by Congress in 1996 that is already well past its"
    },
    {
      "date": "2007-06-14",
      "congress": 110,
      "roll": 212,
      "bill": "HR6",
      "vtype": "Amendment",
      "tally": "43\u201344",
      "collins": "N",
      "gop": "Y",
      "result": "Amendment Rejected",
      "desc": "To authorize the State of Virginia to petition for authorization to conduct natural gas exploration and drilling activities in the coastal zone of the"
    },
    {
      "date": "2007-08-02",
      "congress": 110,
      "roll": 302,
      "bill": "HR976",
      "vtype": "Amendment",
      "tally": "49\u201350",
      "collins": "N",
      "gop": "Y",
      "result": "Amendment Rejected",
      "desc": "To codify the unborn child rule."
    },
    {
      "date": "2007-09-27",
      "congress": 110,
      "roll": 350,
      "bill": "HR1585",
      "vtype": "Cloture",
      "tally": "60\u201339",
      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Cloture Motion Agreed to",
      "desc": "To provide Federal assistance to States, local jurisdictions, and Indian tribes to prosecute hate crimes, and for other purposes."
    },
    {
      "date": "2008-05-15",
      "congress": 110,
      "roll": 577,
      "bill": "SCONRES70",
      "vtype": "Other procedural",
      "tally": "47\u201348",
      "collins": "N",
      "gop": "Y",
      "result": "Motion Rejected",
      "desc": "An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2009 and including the appro"
    },
    {
      "date": "2009-12-12",
      "congress": 111,
      "roll": 373,
      "bill": "HR3288",
      "vtype": "Cloture",
      "tally": "60\u201334",
      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Cloture Motion Agreed to",
      "desc": "A bill making appropriations for the Departments of Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development, and related agencies for the fiscal year ending"
    },
    {
      "date": "2010-04-12",
      "congress": 111,
      "roll": 506,
      "bill": "HR4851",
      "vtype": "Cloture",
      "tally": "60\u201334",
      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Cloture on the Motion to Proceed Agreed to",
      "desc": "A bill to provide a temporary extension of certain programs, and for other purposes."
    },
    {
      "date": "2010-04-15",
      "congress": 111,
      "roll": 513,
      "bill": "HR4851",
      "vtype": "Cloture",
      "tally": "60\u201338",
      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Cloture Motion Agreed to",
      "desc": "In the nature of a substitute."
    },
    {
      "date": "2010-05-20",
      "congress": 111,
      "roll": 557,
      "bill": "S3217",
      "vtype": "Cloture",
      "tally": "60\u201340",
      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Cloture Motion Agreed to",
      "desc": "In the nature of a substitute."
    },
    {
      "date": "2010-07-15",
      "congress": 111,
      "roll": 603,
      "bill": "HR4173",
      "vtype": "Cloture",
      "tally": "60\u201338",
      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Cloture Motion Agreed to",
      "desc": "A bill to promote the financial stability of the United States by improving accountability and transparency in the financial system, to end \"too big t"
    },
    {
      "date": "2010-07-20",
      "congress": 111,
      "roll": 606,
      "bill": "HR4213",
      "vtype": "Cloture",
      "tally": "60\u201340",
      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Cloture Motion Agreed to",
      "desc": "A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend certain expiring provisions, and for other purposes."
    },
    {
      "date": "2011-04-06",
      "congress": 112,
      "roll": 54,
      "bill": "S493",
      "vtype": "Amendment",
      "tally": "50\u201350",
      "collins": "N",
      "gop": "Y",
      "result": "Amendment Rejected",
      "desc": "To prohibit the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from promulgating any regulation concerning, taking action relating to, or taking"
    },
    {
      "date": "2011-10-21",
      "congress": 112,
      "roll": 184,
      "bill": "HR2112",
      "vtype": "Amendment",
      "tally": "59\u201340",
      "collins": "N",
      "gop": "Y",
      "result": "Amendment Rejected",
      "desc": "To end payments to landlords who are endangering the lives of children and needy families."
    },
    {
      "date": "2012-06-11",
      "congress": 112,
      "roll": 353,
      "bill": "PN1104",
      "vtype": "Cloture",
      "tally": "60\u201331",
      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Cloture Motion Agreed to",
      "desc": "Andrew David Hurwitz, of Arizona, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit"
    },
    {
      "date": "2013-07-17",
      "congress": 113,
      "roll": 177,
      "bill": "PN205",
      "vtype": "Cloture",
      "tally": "60\u201340",
      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Cloture Motion Agreed to",
      "desc": "Thomas Edward Perez, of Maryland, to be Secretary of Labor"
    },
    {
      "date": "2013-07-31",
      "congress": 113,
      "roll": 196,
      "bill": "PN120",
      "vtype": "Cloture",
      "tally": "60\u201340",
      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Cloture Motion Agreed to",
      "desc": "Byron Todd Jones, of Minnesota, to be Director, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives"
    },
    {
      "date": "2014-01-07",
      "congress": 113,
      "roll": 293,
      "bill": "S1845",
      "vtype": "Cloture",
      "tally": "60\u201337",
      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Cloture on the Motion to Proceed Agreed to",
      "desc": "A bill to provide for the extension of certain unemployment benefits, and for other purposes."
    },
    {
      "date": "2014-05-01",
      "congress": 113,
      "roll": 417,
      "bill": "PN1183",
      "vtype": "Cloture",
      "tally": "60\u201338",
      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Cloture Motion Agreed to",
      "desc": "Nancy L. Moritz, of Kansas, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Tenth Circuit"
    },
    {
      "date": "2014-12-03",
      "congress": 113,
      "roll": 595,
      "bill": "PN1776",
      "vtype": "Cloture",
      "tally": "60\u201336",
      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Cloture Motion Agreed to",
      "desc": "Mark A. Kearney, of Pennsylvania, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania"
    },
    {
      "date": "2017-05-10",
      "congress": 115,
      "roll": 125,
      "bill": "HJRES36",
      "vtype": "Other procedural",
      "tally": "49\u201351",
      "collins": "N",
      "gop": "Y",
      "result": "Motion to Proceed Rejected",
      "desc": "A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the final rule of the Bureau of Land Man"
    },
    {
      "date": "2017-07-28",
      "congress": 115,
      "roll": 179,
      "bill": "HR1628",
      "vtype": "Amendment",
      "tally": "49\u201351",
      "collins": "N",
      "gop": "Y",
      "result": "Amendment Rejected",
      "desc": "Of a perfecting nature."
    },
    {
      "date": "2017-10-19",
      "congress": 115,
      "roll": 242,
      "bill": "HCONRES71",
      "vtype": "Amendment",
      "tally": "49\u201351",
      "collins": "N",
      "gop": "Y",
      "result": "Amendment Rejected",
      "desc": "To establish a spending-neutral reserve fund relating to prohibiting Federal regulation of entirely intrastate species under the Endangered Species Ac"
    },
    {
      "date": "2018-06-20",
      "congress": 115,
      "roll": 459,
      "bill": "HR3",
      "vtype": "Other procedural",
      "tally": "48\u201350",
      "collins": "N",
      "gop": "Y",
      "result": "Motion to Discharge Rejected",
      "desc": "A bill to rescind certain budget authority proposed to be rescinded in special messages transmitted to the Congress by the President on May 8, 2018, i"
    },
    {
      "date": "2018-12-12",
      "congress": 115,
      "roll": 585,
      "bill": "SJRES64",
      "vtype": "Final passage",
      "tally": "50\u201349",
      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Joint Resolution Passed",
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      "date": "2020-02-13",
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      "collins": "Y",
      "gop": "N",
      "result": "Motion to Table Agreed to",
      "desc": "To amend the rule of construction."
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    {
      "date": "2020-12-02",
      "congress": 116,
      "roll": 677,
      "bill": "S578",
      "vtype": "Amendment",
      "tally": "48\u201349",
      "collins": "N",
      "gop": "Y",
      "result": "Amendment Rejected",
      "desc": "To increase the overpayment collection threshold for old-age, survivors, and disability insurance benefits."
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    {
      "date": "2021-02-05",
      "congress": 117,
      "roll": 33,
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      "vtype": "Amendment",
      "tally": "50\u201350",
      "collins": "N",
      "gop": "Y",
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      "desc": "To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to protecting American taxpayers and the border, which may include prohibiting the cancellation o"
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      "date": "2021-02-05",
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      "desc": "To establish a spending-neutral reserve fund relating to prohibiting infringement on the free exercise of religion."
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      "desc": "Amanda Bennett, of the District of Columbia, to be Chief Executive Officer of the United States Agency for Global Media"
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      "date": "2022-11-29",
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      "desc": "To make a categorical exclusion available for use on certain land by States and Indian Tribes through a project delivery program."
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      "date": "2024-04-16",
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      "date": "2025-12-10",
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      "date": "2026-04-23",
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      "date": "2026-06-04",
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      "desc": "To ensure only citizens are registered to vote in elections for Federal office, and to require voters to provide photo identification, and for other p"
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      "date": "2026-06-23",
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